Your controller is the CNC brain — and firmware is its logic. This category explains the differences between GRBL, Marlin, Mach3, Mach4, and LinuxCNC. We cover how to flash firmware, configure axis settings, set up limit switches, and fine-tune acceleration. Learn how controller boards (Arduino, Smoothieboard, Mesa, etc.) pair with firmware, and how to pick the right stack for your machine’s performance needs.